Pickup Patterns

What are the different pickup patterns mentioned in the article?  How are each of them different from each other?  Why would these be needed?

    The six different pickup patterns mentioned in the article were omnidirectional, cardioid, hypercardioid, supercardioid, lobar, and bidirectional. The first and easiest to understand pattern is omnidirectional, which is able to pick up sounds from every direction. Omnidirectional microphones are suited best for picking up sounds that are more difficult to control, i.e., ambience, moving subjects, a press conference, interviews, etc. The next pick up pattern is cardioid, which is slightly directional (doesn't pick up sound from behind) making it very flexible and useful in many different situations. This differs from an omnidirectional mic because of the directionality, making this pickup pattern useful in cases such as trying to pickup one person's audio in a crowd (such as the singer at a concert). The next pick up pattern is the hypercardioid (or mini shotgun), which is directional making it effective at isolating sounds. This differs from the cardioid as it has proper directionality, eliminating much more background noise compared to the cardioid. Hypercardioids can be good for on-camera microphones and are typically good for recording instruments. The next pattern is supercardioid (shotgun), which is a more forgiving directional microphone. The difference between the supercardioid and hypercardioid is how much rear and side noise gets picked up as the supercardioid picks up less. This is almost always the pattern used for boom mics, which are good for both reality television as well as scripted content. The next pickup pattern is the lobar, which is truly unidirectional (one direction). The only microphone that can have a lobar pickup pattern is a shotgun mic and, with the very unforgiving pattern, you may need another set of hands if you want to use a lobar mic for filmmaking. The last pickup pattern is the bidirectional pattern, which is able to pickup sounds from both in front and behind. These types of microphones are often used in interviews, podcasts, radio shows, etc. as it is effective for a back and forth conversation.